https://m2.mtmt.hu/ hun 2026-05-01 17:57 JournalArticle 34822025 VALIDATED true Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary HUN-REN–BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary Export Date: 26 April 2024 CODEN: JSCTE Correspondence Address: Toldy, A.; Department of Polymer Engineering, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary; email: atoldy@edu.bme.hu 0 false 2026-01-26T16:04:21.482+0000 2024-06-04T13:55:24.867+0000 2024-04-26T06:23:31.861+0000 true 10072271 Andódy Katalin /api/admin/10072271 Admin true 2025-12-28T16:49:00.165+0000 2024-06-04T13:55:23.558+0000 true 521 Szuper Admin /api/admin/521 Admin true Admin 10014568 /api/admin/10014568 Vándor Andrea true 10014568 true 2025-06-04T14:23:03.301+0000 true false true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType 1 true 24 JournalArticle true 10000059 Article true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType 1 true 24 JournalArticle /api/subtype/10000059 Szakcikk SubType 101 true 10000059 true 1 /api/category/1 Category true 1 Toldy, Andrea Comparative study of flame retardancy in polyimine vitrimers and composites: Evaluating additive and reactive flame retardants acting via gas-, solid-, and combined-phase mechanisms true true /api/journal/13466 REVIEWED true false 13466 false 13466 true 1005-0302 1941-1162 Journal FOREIGN 196 101 111 101 11 2024 We developed flame retarded polyimine type vitrimers and carbon fibre reinforced composites using two additive and a reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus: ammonium polyphosphate (APP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP); and N,N',N’’-tris(2-aminoethyl)-phosphoric acid triamide (TEDAP). We characterised the vitrimer matrix materials by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test and mass loss calorimetry (MLC), while the vitrimer composites by LOI, UL-94 test, MLC and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). We compared the performance of the vitrimer systems to a benchmark pentaerythritol-based aliphatic epoxy resin system (PER). The vitrimer reference had higher thermal stability but lower fire performance than the PER aliphatic reference epoxy. At lower phosphorus content, the vitrimer systems exhibited a melting above their vitrimer transition temperature, which negatively affected their LOI and UL-94 results. From 2% phosphorus content, rapid charring and extinguishing of vitrimers prevented the softening and deforming. The superior performance of these same flame retardants in vitrimer systems could be attributed to the high nitrogen content of imine-based vitrimers in combination with phosphorus flame retardants, exploiting nitrogen-phosphorus synergism. In both matrices, flame retardants with solid phase action lead to better fire performance, while in composites, the lowest peak heat release rates (152 kW/m2 in vitrimer composite) were achieved with RDP acting predominantly in the gas phase, as carbon fibres hindered the intumescent phenomenon. © 2024 2024 true true true false true false GOLD 2026-01-26 true https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.047 15 0 15 13 2 15 15 15 5 15 15 13 13 13 2 0 15 13 15 13 0 11 11 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 15 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 Könyv Book 23 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 0 0 0 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 0 0 Könyv Book 23 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 0 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 0 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 0 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 0 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 0 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 0 0 2024 0 2 1 2 1 2025 0 11 10 11 10 2026 0 2 2 2 2 D1 false 10071290,10001106 false false false 2024-07-25T07:40:07.801+0000 Gyártástudomány és -technológia Tanszék (BME / GPK); HUN-REN-BME Kompozittechnológiai Kutatócsoport (BME / GPK / PT); MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatóc... 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left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png"> <img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png"> <div class="autype autype0"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10001106"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10001106" target="_blank">Toldy Andrea ✉ (<span class="authorship-author-name">Toldy Andrea</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Polimer mátrixú kompozitok, égésgátlás</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Polimertechnika Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10071290"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10071290" target="_blank">Poór Dániel István (<span class="authorship-author-name">Poór Dániel István</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Gyártástechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Gyártástudomány és -technológia Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10042594"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10042594" target="_blank">Szolnoki Beáta (<span class="authorship-author-name">Szolnoki Beáta</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> szerves kémia, polimerek égésgátlása</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Vegyészmérnöki és Biomérnöki Kar">VBK</span>/Szerves Kémia és Technológia Tanszék</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10092919"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10092919" target="_blank">Devecser Boglárka (<span class="authorship-author-name">Devecser Boglárka</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> polimer kompozitok</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Polimertechnika Tanszék</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10056359"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10056359" target="_blank">Geier Norbert (<span class="authorship-author-name">Geier Norbert</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Gyártástechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Gyártástudomány és -technológia Tanszék</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10060579"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10060579" target="_blank">Pomázi Ákos (<span class="authorship-author-name">Pomázi Ákos</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> polimertechnika, műanyag- és száltechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Polimertechnika Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/HUN-REN-BME Kompozittechnológiai Kutatócsoport</span> </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse&params=publication;34822025" target="_blank">Comparative study of flame retardancy in polyimine vitrimers and composites: Evaluating additive and reactive flame retardants acting via gas-, solid-, and combined-phase mechanisms</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY</span> <span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1005-0302">1005-0302</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1941-1162">1941-1162</a>)</span>: <span class="journal-volume">196</span> <span class="page"> pp 101-111 </span> <span class="year">(2024)</span> </div> <div class="pub-footer"> <span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Nyelv: Angol | </span> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.047" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.047"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_GREEN" title=" Green "> <a style="color:black" title="196143" target="_blank" href="http://real.mtak.hu/196143"> REAL </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="001233376000001" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/001233376000001"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85190728167" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85190728167"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:black" title="https://phd.gpk.bme.hu/pub/s/j/l9/t3?3002276" target="_blank" href="https://phd.gpk.bme.hu/pub/s/j/l9/t3?3002276"> Egyéb URL </a> </span> </span> <OnlyViewableByAuthor><div class="ratings"> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Ceramics and Composites&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Materials Chemistry&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Mechanical Engineering&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Mechanics of Materials&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Metals and Alloys&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Polymers and Plastics&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> </div></OnlyViewableByAuthor> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="Nyilvános idézőközlemények összesen, említések nélkül" class="citingPub-count">Nyilvános idéző összesen: 15</span> | Független: 13 | Függő: 2 | Nem jelölt: 0 | WoS jelölt: 15 | Scopus jelölt:&nbsp;5 | WoS/Scopus jelölt:&nbsp;15 | DOI jelölt:&nbsp;15 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;34822025&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Idézett közlemények száma: 11 </a> </div> <div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Közlemény: 34822025</span> | <span class="status-data status-VALIDATED"> Egyeztetett </span> Forrás Idéző | <span class="type-subtype">Folyóiratcikk ( Szakcikk ) </span> | <span class="pub-category">Tudományos</span> | <span class="publication-sourceOfData">Scopus</span> </div> <div class="notDuplums"><a target="_blank" href="/api/publication/34822025/notduplums">350 Nem duplumnak jelölés</a> </div> <div class="lastModified">Utolsó módosítás: 2024.06.04. 15:55 Szuper Admin (admin) </div> <div class="lockedBy">Központi kezelésű 2025.06.04. 16:23 Vándor Andrea (VA, admin) </div> <pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><u>Megjegyzés</u>: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Depar...</pre> </div></div>