Cancer pain is one of the most disabling symptoms complained by cancer patients, with
a crucial impact on physical and psychological well-being. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)
type A and B have emerged as potential interventions for chronic pain; however, their
role in these patients is still debated. Thus, this systematic review of randomized
controlled trials aimed at assessing the effects of BoNT treatment for cancer pain
to guide physicians in an evidence-based approach integrating BoNT in cancer care.
Out of 5824 records, 10 RCTs satisfied our eligibility criteria and were included
in the present work for a total of 413 subjects with several cancer types (breast,
head and neck, esophageal, and thoracic/gastric cancers). While some studies demonstrated
significant pain reduction and improved quality of life post-BoNT-A injections, outcomes
across different cancer types were inconclusive. Additionally, several effects were
observed in functioning, dysphagia, salivary outcomes, esophageal strictures, gastric
emptying, and expansions. This review emphasizes the need for further standardized
research to conclusively establish the efficacy of BoNT in comprehensive cancer pain
management.
