The Tokaj Mts. volcanism occurred in a thinning continental lithosphere regime at
the final stage of the subduction process. Using high-precision zircon U-Pb dating,
four major explosive eruption events were distinguished. Among them the 13.1 Ma Sátoraljaújhely
and the 12.0 Ma Szerencs eruptions could have yielded large amount of volcanic material
(possibly > 100 km 3 ) and they were associated with caldera collapse as shown by
the several hundred-metre-thick pyroclastic deposits and the long (>100 km) run- out
pyroclastic flow in case of the 13.1 Ma eruption. The 12.3 Ma Hegyköz and the 11.6
Ma Vizsoly erup- tions were relatively smaller. The volcanic products can be readily
distinguished by zircon and glass trace elements and trace element ratios, which can
be used for fingerprinting and to correlate with distal deposits. The Rb, Ba, Sr content
and strong negative Eu-anomaly of the glasses reflect extreme crystal fractionation,
particularly for the Szerencs rhyolitic magma. The silicic volcanic products of the
Tokaj Mts. show compositional similarities with the so-called ‘dry–reduced–hot’ rhyolite
type consistent with an origin in an extensional environment, where the primary magmas
were formed by near-adiabatic decompression melting in the mantle with subordinate
fluid flux. In contrast, some of the older Bükkalja rhyolitic magmas evolved via more
hydrous evolutionary paths, where amphibole played a role in the control of the trace
element budget. The significant increase of zircon e Hf values from 8.8 to + 0.2 in
the rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of Tokaj Mts. with time implies that mantle-derived
magmas became more dominant. This can be explained by the specific tectonic setting,
i.e. the final stage of subduction when the descending subducted slab became almost
vertical, which exerted a pull in the upper litho- sphere leading to thinning and
accelerated subsidence as well as asthenospheric mantle flow just before the slab
detachment.
