Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used due to their corrosion resistance.
Austenite and ferrite determine the excellent properties. Ferrite provides strength
and good corrosion resistance, while austenite provides toughness and weldability.
During our research, samples were produced with ER 2209 duplex steel wire using wire
arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two different 17 V and 19 V arc voltages were used
during the production. Two shielding gases were used for each voltage: M12-ArC-2.5
and M12-ArHeC-20/2. The research aimed to determine the ferrite ratio as a function
of the welding parameters. The ferrite (or austenite) content must be between 30%
and 70% for duplex stainless steel welds, according to the ISO 17781 standard. Based
on our research, it can be stated that the austenite ratio increases as the voltage
increases, thus failing to fulfill the standard's requirements. The helium content
reduced the ferrite ratio even when the 17 V voltage was used due to the gas's higher
ionization potential. During the metallographic examination, our welded samples met
the standard requirements for the austenite content for 17 V arc voltage and M12-ArC-2.5
shielding gas. The ferrite content in the entire sample cross-section fell between
30-42% during feritscope and image analysis measurements. These welding parameters
can be recommended for industrial applications.
