In the present article, we revisit the question of the structural characteristics
and building methods of two of the most famous Hungarian Late-Gothic net vaults, the
nave vault of the Franciscan Church of Szeged-Alsóváros and the vault of the Reformed
Church of Nyírbátor. Based on the data gathered by laser-scanning the two buildings,
the geometric system of the two vaults, as opposed to the former state of research,
differ significantly from each other. While the rib system and webbing of the vault
of Szeged-Alsóváros have features characteristic of pseudo-ribbed net vaults and net
vaults with webbing built with formwork, the vault of Nyírbátor is likely a real net
vault structure with webbing built freehand. Furthermore, the rib system of the vault
of Szeged-Alsóváros can be described by a single curved surface deductible from a
circle segment, the rib junction points’ spatial positions in the vault of Nyírbátor
are only describable by coordinates in the three directions of the space, not by an
even surface. Based on the geometric descriptions, we also attempted to reconstruct
the plausible building methods in both cases. Finally, we considered the results of
the geometric analysis and the underlying construction ideas deduced from it and gave
a new evaluation regarding the earlier reasonings for the strong building connections
of the two churches in regard to the guilds and master builders.
