Background: In clinical practice, the possible diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis or
polycystic kidney disease is primarily based on clinical criteria, which can later
be verified by genetic testing. But in the case of TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome
(TSC2/PKD1-CGS), the renal appearance of the disease is more serious. Therefore, early
genetic analysis is recommended. Methods: Herein we present the report of four children
with TSC2/PKD1-CGS, one involving the NTHL1 gene. We aim to emphasize the importance
of genetic testing in this rare syndrome. Results: During the follow-up of tuberous
sclerosis and polycystic kidney disease patients, it is essential to reappraise the
diagnosis if the clinical symptoms’ appearance or onset time is unusual. Targeted
genetic testing is recommended. However, early tumor formation necessitates the extension
of genetic analysis. Conclusions: An appropriate evaluation of the phenotype is the
cornerstone of diagnosing the rare TSC2/PKD1-CGS with the help of genetic results.
In addition, malignant tumors could draw attention to an infrequent large deletion.
