Honesty in signalling games is maintained by trade-offs rather than costs

https://m2.mtmt.hu/ hun 2026-10-23 06:55 JournalArticle 33549897 APPROVED true Department of Sociology and Communication, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. u. 1, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary CSS-RECENS “Lendület” Research Group, MTA Centre for Social Science, Tóth Kálmán u. 4, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary Institute of Evolution, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Biology Institute, ELTE University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary BEYOND Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, AZ 85287–0506, Tempe, AZ, United States Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoynestrasse 1a, Vienna, 1160, Austria Export Date: 3 February 2023 Correspondence Address: Számadó, S.; CSS-RECENS “Lendület” Research Group, Tóth Kálmán u. 4, Hungary; email: szamado.szabolcs@tk.mta.hu 0 false 2026-06-17T15:49:42.572+0000 2025-09-26T09:46:22.321+0000 2023-01-09T21:30:29.899+0000 true 10077554 Vass Johanna /api/admin/10077554 Admin Vass Johanna (Ökológiai Kutatóközpont admin4) true 2026-06-17T15:48:28.255+0000 Admin 10003141 /api/admin/10003141 Aggod Zsuzsa (MTMT 2-3, admin) Aggod Zsuzsa true 10003141 true Admin 10025544 /api/admin/10025544 Lévayné Deseő Katalin (MTMT Központi admin) Lévayné Deseő Katalin true 10025544 true 2024-04-23T09:36:38.702+0000 true false true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Folyóiratcikk 1 true 24 JournalArticle true 10000059 Article true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Folyóiratcikk 1 true 24 JournalArticle /api/subtype/10000059 Szakcikk SubType Szakcikk (Folyóiratcikk) 101 true 10000059 true 1 /api/category/1 Category Tudományos true 1 Szabolcs, Számadó Honesty in signalling games is maintained by trade-offs rather than costs true true /api/journal/10006498 REVIEWED BMC BIOLOGY 1741-7007 1741-7007 true false 10006498 false 10006498 true 1741-7007 1741-7007 Journal FOREIGN 21 1 4 4 16 2023 Background Signal reliability poses a central problem for explaining the evolution of communication. According to Zahavi’s Handicap Principle, signals are honest only if they are costly at the evolutionary equilibrium; otherwise, deception becomes common and communication breaks down. Theoretical signalling games have proved to be use- ful for understanding the logic of signalling interactions. Theoretical evaluations of the Handicap Principle are difficult, however, because finding the equilibrium cost function in such signalling games is notoriously complicated. Here, we provide a general solution to this problem and show how cost functions can be calculated for any arbitrary, pairwise asymmetric signalling game at the evolutionary equilibrium. Results Our model clarifies the relationship between signalling costs at equilibrium and the conditions for reliable signalling. It shows that these two terms are independent in both additive and multiplicative models, and that the cost of signalling at honest equilibrium has no effect on the stability of communication. Moreover, it demonstrates that honest signals at the equilibrium can have any cost value, even negative, being beneficial for the signaller inde- pendently of the receiver’s response at equilibrium and without requiring further constraints. Our results are general and we show how they apply to seminal signalling models, including Grafen’s model of sexual selection and Godfray’s model of parent-offspring communication. Conclusions Our results refute the claim that signals must be costly at the evolutionary equilibrium to be reliable, as predicted by the Handicap Principle and so-called ‘costly signalling’ theory. Thus, our results raise serious concerns about the handicap paradigm. We argue that the evolution of reliable signalling is better understood within a Darwin- ian life-history framework, and that the conditions for honest signalling are more clearly stated and understood by evaluating their trade-offs rather than their costs per se. We discuss potential shortcomings of equilibrium models and we provide testable predictions to help advance the field and establish a better explanation for honest signals. Last but not least, our results highlight why signals are expected to be efficient rather than wasteful. Funding 2057705 /api/funding/2057705 MTA Bolyai János Research Scholarship(BO/00570/22/8) false true true INTERNATIONAL 2023 true true true false true false GOLD 2026-06-17 true https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01496-9 13 0 13 11 2 13 13 12 11 13 13 11 11 11 2 0 13 11 13 11 0 8 8 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 12 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 1 Könyv Book 23 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 0 0 0 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 0 0 Könyv Book 23 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 0 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 0 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 0 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 0 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 0 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 0 0 2023 0 1 1 1 1 2024 0 3 2 3 2 2025 0 6 6 6 6 2026 0 3 2 3 2 D1 false 10019188,10018723 false false false 2023-01-08T21:30:41.420+0000 Evolúciótudományi Intézet (HUN-REN ÖK); Lendület Recens Kutatócsoport (HUN-REN TK); Növényrendszertani, Ökológiai és Elméleti Bioló... (ELTE / TTK / Bio_I); Szociológia és Kommunikáció Tanszék (BME / GTK) 3 24 4 4 0 true 10025544 10003141 Language 10002 /api/language/10002 Angol Angol English true 2 true PersonAuthorship 106233870 /api/authorship/106233870 Szabolcs, Számadó ✉ [Számadó, Szabolcs (Elméleti biológia...), szerző] Lendület Recens Kutatócsoport (HUN-REN TK); Szociológia és Kommunikáció Tanszék (BME / GTK) 1 0.25 true false true Author 10019188 /api/author/10019188 Számadó Szabolcs (Elméleti biológia, ökológia) Számadó Szabolcs DUPLUM true 10019188 true Szabolcs Számadó true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Szerző 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 106233871 /api/authorship/106233871 István, Zachar* [Zachar, István (Evolúcióbiológia), szerző] Növényrendszertani, Ökológiai és Elméleti Bioló... (ELTE / TTK / Bio_I); Evolúciótudományi Intézet (HUN-REN ÖK) 2 0.25 true false false Author 10018723 /api/author/10018723 Zachar István (Evolúcióbiológia) Zachar István true 10018723 true István Zachar true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Szerző 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 106233872 /api/authorship/106233872 Dániel, Czégel [Czégel, Dániel (Theoretical Biology), szerző] Növényrendszertani, Ökológiai és Elméleti Bioló... (ELTE / TTK / Bio_I); Evolúciótudományi Intézet (HUN-REN ÖK) 3 0.25 false false false Author 10053242 /api/author/10053242 Czégel Dániel (Theoretical Biology) Czégel Dániel true 10053242 true Dániel Czégel true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Szerző 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 106233873 /api/authorship/106233873 Dustin J., Penn 4 0.25 false true false Dustin J. 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(2023) BMC BIOLOGY 1741-7007 1741-7007 21 1<div class="JournalArticle Publication long-list"> <div class="authors"> <img title="Forrásközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png"> <img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png"> <div class="autype autype0"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10019188"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10019188" target="_blank">Szabolcs Számadó ✉ (<span class="authorship-author-name">Számadó Szabolcs</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Elméleti biológia, ökológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont">TK</span>/Lendület Recens Kutatócsoport; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gazdaság- és Társadalomtudományi Kar">GTK</span>/Szociológia és Kommunikáció Tanszék</span> ;    <span class="author-name" mtid="10018723"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10018723" target="_blank">István Zachar<sup>*</sup> (<span class="authorship-author-name">Zachar István</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Evolúcióbiológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem">ELTE</span>/<span title="Természettudományi Kar">TTK</span>/<span title="Biológiai Intézet">Bio_I</span>/Növényrendszertani, Ökológiai és Elméleti Biológiai Tanszék; <span title="Ökológiai Kutatóközpont">ÖK</span>/Evolúciótudományi Intézet</span> ;    <span class="author-name" mtid="10053242"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10053242" target="_blank">Dániel Czégel (<span class="authorship-author-name">Czégel Dániel</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Theoretical Biology</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem">ELTE</span>/<span title="Természettudományi Kar">TTK</span>/<span title="Biológiai Intézet">Bio_I</span>/Növényrendszertani, Ökológiai és Elméleti Biológiai Tanszék; <span title="Ökológiai Kutatóközpont">ÖK</span>/Evolúciótudományi Intézet</span> ;    <span class="author-name" >Dustin J. Penn </span> </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse&params=publication;33549897" target="_blank">Honesty in signalling games is maintained by trade-offs rather than costs</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">BMC BIOLOGY</span> <span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1741-7007">1741-7007</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1741-7007">1741-7007</a>)</span>: <span class="journal-volume">21</span> <span class="journal-issue">1</span> <span class="page"> Paper 4. 16 p. </span> <span class="year">(2023)</span> </div> <div class="pub-footer"> <span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Nyelv: Angol | </span> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.1186/s12915-022-01496-9" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01496-9"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="000911721800001" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000911721800001"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:black" title="175080" target="_blank" href="https://real.mtak.hu/175080"> REAL </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85145971914" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85145971914"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="36617556" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=36617556&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-022-01496-9" target="_blank" href="https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-022-01496-9"> Egyéb URL </a> </span> </span> <OnlyViewableByAuthor><div class="ratings"> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)   SJR indikátor: D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics   SJR indikátor: D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Physiology   SJR indikátor: D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Plant Science   SJR indikátor: D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)   SJR indikátor: Q1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Biotechnology   SJR indikátor: Q1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Cell Biology   SJR indikátor: Q1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Developmental Biology   SJR indikátor: Q1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Structural Biology   SJR indikátor: Q1</div> </div></OnlyViewableByAuthor> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="Nyilvános idézőközlemények összesen, említések nélkül" class="citingPub-count">Nyilvános idéző összesen: 13</span> | Független: 11 | Függő: 2 | Nem jelölt: 0 | WoS jelölt: 12 | Scopus jelölt: 11 | WoS/Scopus jelölt: 13 | DOI jelölt: 13 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;33549897&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Idézett közlemények száma: 8 </a> </div> <div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Közlemény: 33549897</span> | <span class="status-data status-APPROVED"> Nyilvános </span> Forrás Idéző | <span class="type-subtype">Folyóiratcikk ( Szakcikk ) </span> | <span class="pub-category">Tudományos</span> | <span class="publication-sourceOfData">kézi felvitel</span> </div> <div class="funder"> MTA Bolyai János Research Scholarship(BO/00570/22/8) </div> <div class="lastModified">Utolsó módosítás: 2025.09.26. 11:46 Ribai Richárdné (ÖK ÖBI admin 5) </div> <div class="lockedBy">Központi kezelésű 2024.04.23. 11:36 Aggod Zsuzsa (MTMT 2-3, admin) Lévayné Deseő Katalin (MTMT Központi admin) </div> <pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><u>Megjegyzés</u>: Department of Sociology and Communication, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. u. 1, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary CSS-RECENS “Lendület” Research Group, MTA Centre for Social Science, Tóth Kálmán u. 4, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary Institute of Evolution, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, H-1...</pre> </div></div>