High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut
microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and
race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between
gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized.
The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is
characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria,
Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the
typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome
of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides
Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella,
Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims,
the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives
of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely,
the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced
by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such
as obesity, Crohn's disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition
of the guts of people of different nationalities.
