Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis

https://m2.mtmt.hu/ eng 2026-10-24 08:55 JournalArticle 33200366 APPROVED true Funding Agency and Grant Number: National Research, Development and Innovation Office Fund in Hungary [K 131479]; Thematic Excellence Programme; Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary [2020-1.1.6-JOEVO-2021-00013]; OTKA [RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003]; National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary [TKP2021-EGA-23]; European Union; Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund; [2020-2.1.1-ED-2022-00198]; [TKP2021-EGA-29] Funding text: This project was financed by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Fund in Hungary (2020-2.1.1-ED-2022-00198), the Thematic Excellence Programme (Tematerueleti Kivalosagi Program, TKP2021-EGA-29) of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary, OTKA Grant (K 131479). This study was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary under the Investement in the Future funding scheme (2020-1.1.6-JOEVO-2021-00013) and by the grant of European Union RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003. TKP2021-EGA-23 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme. 0 false 2026-10-22T21:22:33.934+0000 2026-10-19T12:06:25.221+0000 2022-10-31T09:38:15.760+0000 true 10071338 Molnár-Taga Márta /api/admin/10071338 Admin Márta Molnár-Taga (SE_AOK_1Bel_Onkol_Admin5_MTM, admin) true 2026-10-19T12:06:25.056+0000 true false true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Journal Article 1 true 24 JournalArticle true 10000059 Article true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Journal Article 1 true 24 JournalArticle /api/subtype/10000059 Szakcikk SubType Article (Journal Article) 101 true 10000059 true 1 /api/category/1 Category Scientific true 1 Nemeth, Dora Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis true true /api/journal/10023324 REVIEWED FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 1664-3224 1664-3224 true false 10023324 false 10023324 true 1664-3224 1664-3224 Journal FOREIGN 13 960001 960001 12 2022 <sec>BackgroundTo investigate the factors that have significant impact on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</sec><sec>MethodsSerological response was measured by quantifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, while the cell-mediated response was measured by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to different SARS-CoV-2-specific domains.</sec><sec>ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 109 RA patients and 43 healthy controls. The median time (IQR) between the confirmed infection or the last vaccination dose and the day when samples were taken (“sampling interval”) was 3.67 (2.03, 5.50) months in the RA group. Anti-Spike (anti-S) specific antibodies were detected in 94% of RA patients. Among the investigated patient related variables, age (p<0.004), sampling interval (p<0.001), the brand of the vaccine (p<0.001) and targeted RA therapy (TNF-inhibitor, IL-6 inhibitor, anti-CD20 therapy) had significant effect on the anti-S levels. After covariate adjustment TNF-inhibitor therapy decreased the anti-S antibody concentrations by 80% (p<0.001). The same figures for IL-6 inhibitor and anti-CD20 therapy were 74% (p=0.049) and 97% (p=0.002), respectively. Compared to subjects who were infected but were not vaccinated, the RNA COVID-19 vaccines increased the anti-S antibody levels to 71.1 (mRNA-1273) and 36.0 (BNT162b2) fold (p<0.001). The corresponding figure for the ChAdOx1s vaccine is 18.1(p=0.037). Anti-CCP (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides) positive patients had 6.28 times (p= 0.00165) higher anti-S levels, than the anti-CCP negative patients. Positive T-cell response was observed in 87% of the healthy volunteer group and in 52% of the RA patient group. Following vaccination or infection it declined significantly (p= 0.044) but more slowly than that of anti-S titer (6%/month versus 25%). Specific T-cell responses were decreased by 65% in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy (p=0.055).</sec><sec>ConclusionOur study showed that the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were substantially reduced in RA patients treated with TNF-α-inhibitors (N=51) and IL-6-inhibitor (N=15). In addition, anti-CD20 therapy (N=4) inhibited both SARS-CoV-2-induced humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, the magnitude of humoral and cellular immune response was dependent on the age and decreased over time. The RNA vaccines and ChAdOx1s vaccine effectively increased the level of anti-S antibodies.</sec> Funding 2019650 /api/funding/2019650 (2020- 2.1.1-ED-2022-00198) Funder: Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal false true Funding 2019651 /api/funding/2019651 (KP2021-EGA-29) false true Funding 2019652 /api/funding/2019652 (OTKA K131479) Funder: HSRF false true Funding 2019653 /api/funding/2019653 (2020-1.1.6-JOVO-2021-00013) false true Funding 2019654 /api/funding/2019654 (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003) false true Funding 2019655 /api/funding/2019655 (TKP2021-EGA-23) Funder: Ministry for Innovation and Technology false true true true 2022 true true true false true false GOLD 2026-10-22 true https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001 15 0 15 13 3 14 15 13 12 15 15 13 13 13 2 0 15 13 15 13 0 2 2 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 14 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 1 Könyv Book 23 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 0 0 0 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 0 0 Könyv Book 23 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 0 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 0 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 0 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 0 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 0 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 0 0 2023 0 6 6 6 6 2024 0 8 6 8 6 2025 0 1 1 1 1 Q1 false 10015597 false false false 2022-11-07T13:55:24.945+0000 Belgyógyászati és Onkológiai Klinika (SE / AOK / K); Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház Kht.; Genetikai, Sejt- és Immunbiológiai Intézet (SE / AOK / I); Gyógyszerhatástani Intézet (SE / GYTK); Kardiológia Központ - Kardiológiai Tanszék (SE / AOK / K); Reumatológiai és Klinikai Immunológiai Tanszék (SE / AOK / K / BOK); Sportorvostan Tanszék (SE / AOK / K); Városmajori Szív- és Érgyógyászati Klinika (SE / AOK / K) 8 45 8 9 0 true Language 10002 /api/language/10002 English Angol English true 2 true PersonAuthorship 104081405 /api/authorship/104081405 Nemeth, Dora ✉ [Németh, Dóra (reumatológia, kli...), author] Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunology (SU / FM / I); Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology (SU / FM / C); Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (SU / FM / C / DIMO) 1 0.111 true false true Author 10080229 /api/author/10080229 Dóra Németh (reumatológia, klinikai immunológia) Németh Dóra true true Nemeth Dora true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081406 /api/authorship/104081406 Vago, Hajnalka [Vágó, Hajnalka (Kardiológia, MR), author] Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular C... (SU / FM / C); Faculty of Sports Medicine (SU / FM / C) 2 0.111 false false false Author 10013981 /api/author/10013981 Hajnalka Vágó (Kardiológia, MR) Vágó Hajnalka true 10013981 true Vago Hajnalka true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081407 /api/authorship/104081407 Tothfalusi, Laszlo [Tóthfalusi, László (Farmakometria), author] Department of Pharmacodynamics (SU / FP) 3 0.111 false false false Author 10015597 /api/author/10015597 László Tóthfalusi (Farmakometria) Tóthfalusi László true 10015597 true Tothfalusi Laszlo true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081408 /api/authorship/104081408 Ulakcsai, Zsuzsanna [Ulakcsai, Zsuzsanna (aneszteziológia), author] 4 0.11111111 false false false Author 10089497 /api/author/10089497 Zsuzsanna Ulakcsai (aneszteziológia) Ulakcsai Zsuzsanna true true Ulakcsai Zsuzsanna true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081409 /api/authorship/104081409 Becker, David [Becker, Dávid (Orvostudomány), author] Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular C... (SU / FM / C) 5 0.111 false false false Author 10013967 /api/author/10013967 Dávid Becker (Orvostudomány) Becker Dávid true 10013967 true Becker David true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081410 /api/authorship/104081410 Szabo, Zsofia 6 0.11111111 false false false Szabo Zsofia true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081411 /api/authorship/104081411 Rojkovich, Bernadett [Rojkovich, Bernadette (reumatológia), author] Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház Kht. 7 0.11111111 false false false Author 10048660 /api/author/10048660 Bernadette Rojkovich (reumatológia) Rojkovich Bernadette true 10048660 true Rojkovich Bernadett true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081412 /api/authorship/104081412 Merkely, Bela** [Merkely, Béla Péter (Kardiológia), author] Cardiovascular Center (SU / FM / C); Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular C... (SU / FM / C); Faculty of Sports Medicine (SU / FM / C) 8 0.111 false true false Author 10002691 /api/author/10002691 Béla Péter Merkely (Kardiológia) Merkely Béla Péter true 10002691 true Merkely Bela true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 104081413 /api/authorship/104081413 Nagy, Gyorgy [Nagy, György (Immunológia), author] Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunology (SU / FM / I); Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular C... (SU / FM / C); Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology (SU / FM / C); Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (SU / FM / C / DIMO) 9 0.111 false true false Author 10025749 /api/author/10025749 György Nagy (Immunológia) Nagy György true 10025749 true Nagy Gyorgy true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PublicationIdentifier 21966875 /api/publicationidentifier/21966875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001 PlainSource 6 /api/publicationsource/6 DOI PublicationSourceType 10001 /api/publicationsourcetype/10001 DOI true true true DOI DOI https://doi.org/@@@ true true 6 true GOLD true IDENTICAL 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001 false true PublicationIdentifier 22002809 /api/publicationidentifier/22002809 WoS: 000876724100001 PlainSource 1 /api/publicationsource/1 WoS PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true WoS WoS https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/@@@ true true 1 true IDENTICAL 000876724100001 https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000876724100001 true true PublicationIdentifier 22001046 /api/publicationidentifier/22001046 Scopus: 85140575334 PlainSource 3 /api/publicationsource/3 Scopus PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true Scopus Scopus http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-@@@ true true 3 true IDENTICAL 85140575334 http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85140575334 true true PublicationIdentifier 22001037 /api/publicationidentifier/22001037 PubMed: 36311767 PlainSource 17 /api/publicationsource/17 PubMed PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true PubMed PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=@@@&dopt=Abstract true true 17 true IDENTICAL 36311767 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=36311767&dopt=Abstract false true Classification 12493 /api/classification/12493 Severe acute respiratory syndrome true true Classification 12215 /api/classification/12215 Clinical medicine true true Classification 12154 /api/classification/12154 Vaccines true true SjrRating 11304089 /api/sjrrating/11304089 sjr:Q1 (2022) Scopus - Immunology FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 1664-3224 1664-3224 39 0.24 journal RatingType 10002 /api/ratingtype/10002 sjr sjr true true ClassificationExternal 2403 /api/classificationexternal/2403 Scopus - Immunology true 2403 true Q1 DIRECT true true /api/publication/33200366 Nemeth Dora et al. Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis. (2022) FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 1664-3224 1664-3224 13<div class="JournalArticle Publication long-list"> <div class="authors"> <img title="Forrásközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png"> <img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png"> <div class="autype autype0"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10080229" target="_blank">Nemeth Dora ✉ (Németh Dóra reumatológia, klinikai immunológia) </a> SU/FM/I/Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunology; SU/FM/C/Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology; SU/FM/C/DIMO/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10013981" target="_blank">Vago Hajnalka (Vágó Hajnalka Kardiológia, MR) </a> SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular Center; SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Faculty of Sports Medicine ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10015597" target="_blank">Tothfalusi Laszlo (Tóthfalusi László Farmakometria) </a> SU/FP/Department of Pharmacodynamics ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10089497" target="_blank">Ulakcsai Zsuzsanna (Ulakcsai Zsuzsanna aneszteziológia) </a> ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10013967" target="_blank">Becker David (Becker Dávid Orvostudomány) </a> SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular Center ;    Szabo Zsofia ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10048660" target="_blank">Rojkovich Bernadett (Rojkovich Bernadette reumatológia) </a> Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház Kht. ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10002691" target="_blank">Merkely Bela** (Merkely Béla Péter Kardiológia) </a> SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center; SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular Center; SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Faculty of Sports Medicine ;    <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10025749" target="_blank">Nagy Gyorgy (Nagy György Immunológia) </a> SU/FM/I/Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunology; SU/FM/C/Cardiovascular Center/Department of Cardiology – Heart and Vascular Center; SU/FM/C/Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology; SU/FM/C/DIMO/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse&params=publication;33200366" target="_blank">Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis</a></div> <div> FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1664-3224">1664-3224</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1664-3224">1664-3224</a>): 13 Paper 960001. 12 p. (2022) </div> <div class="pub-footer"> Language: English | <a style="color:blue" title="10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001"> DOI </a> <a style="color:blue" title="000876724100001" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000876724100001"> WoS </a> <a style="color:blue" title="85140575334" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85140575334"> Scopus </a> <a style="color:blue" title="36311767" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=36311767&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> <OnlyViewableByAuthor><div class="ratings"> <div class="journal-subject">Journal subject: Scopus - Immunology   Rank: Q1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Journal subject: Scopus - Immunology and Allergy   Rank: Q1</div> </div></OnlyViewableByAuthor> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> Citing papers: 15 | Independent citation: 13 | Self citation: 2 | Unknown citation: 0 | Number of citations in WoS: 13 | Number of citations in Scopus: 12 | WoS/Scopus assigned: 15 | Number of citations with DOI: 15 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;33200366&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Number of cited publications: 2 </a> </div> <div class="mtid">Publication: 33200366 | Published Core Citing | Journal Article ( Article ) | Scientific | RIS-Egyéb </div> <div class="funder"> (2020- 2.1.1-ED-2022-00198) Funder: Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, (TKP2021-EGA-29), (OTKA K131479) Funder: HSRF, (2020-1.1.6-JOVO-2021-00013), (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003), (TKP2021-EGA-23) Funder: Ministry for Innovation and Technology </div> <div class="lastModified">Last Modified: 2026.10.19. 14:06 Anna Mária Kósáné Holecz (SE_KK_Reumatológia_Admin5_KHAM, admin) </div> <pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">Comments: Funding Agency and Grant Number: National Research, Development and Innovation Office Fund in Hungary [K 131479]; Thematic Excellence Programme; Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary [2020-1.1.6-JOEVO-2021-00013]; OTKA [RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003]; National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary [TKP2021-EGA-23]; European Union; Ministry of Innovation and Technology of ...</pre> </div></div>