Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe ✉; Vongpradith, Avina; GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators [Collaborative Organization]; Sirota, Sarah Brooke; Novotney, Amanda; Troeger, Christopher E; Doxey, Matthew C; Bender, Rose G; Ledesma, Jorge R; Biehl, Molly H; Albertson, Samuel B; Frostad, Joseph Jon; Burkart, Katrin; Bennitt, Fiona B; Zhao, Jeff T; Gardner, William M; Hagins, Hailey; Bryazka, Dana; Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva; Abate, Semagn Mekonnen; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abdoli, Amir; Abdoli, Gholamreza; Abedi, Aidin; Abedi, Vida; Abegaz, Tadesse M; Abidi, Hassan; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abtew, Yonas Derso; Abubaker Ali, Hiwa; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adamu, Kidist; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adegboye, Oyelola A; Adnan, Mohammad; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Araz Ramazan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Jivan Qasim; Ahmed Rashid, Tarik; Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Albano, Luciana; Aldeyab, Mamoon A; Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Musa Mohammed; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alipour, Vahid; Al-Jumaily, Adel; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani; AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen S; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad; Amuasi, John H; Amugsi, Dickson A; Anbesu, Etsay Woldu; Ansar, Adnan; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Areda, Demelash; Argaw, Ayele Mamo; Argaw, Zeleke Gebru; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Asemahagn, Mulusew A; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atlaw, Daniel; Attia, Engi F; Attia, Sameh; Aujayeb, Avinash; Awoke, Tewachew; Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza; Azari, Samad; Azari Jafari, Amirhossein; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagherieh, Sara; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Indrajit; Bardhan, Mainak; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Azadeh; Bassat, Quique; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Belachew, Abate Bekele; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhatt, Parth; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bhuyan, Soumitra S; Bijani, Ali; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Buonsenso, Danilo; Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Cai, Jiao; Camargos, Paulo; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Chanie, Muluken Genetu; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Ching, Patrick R; Choi, Sungchul; Chong, Yuen Yu; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Cobb, Natalie L; Cohen, Aaron J; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Dadras, Omid; Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dao, An Thi Minh; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Demisse, Biniyam; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; Demissie, Solomon; Dereje, Diriba; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Desye, Belay; Dhingra, Sameer; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Digesa, Lankamo Ena; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dodangeh, Milad; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dorostkar, Fariba; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; El Desouky, Eman D; El Sayed, Iman; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elkhapery, Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie; Emami, Amir; Engelbert Bain, Luchuo; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Etaee, Farshid; Ezati Asar, Mohamad; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Falahi, Shahab; Fallahzadeh, Aida; Faraj, Anwar; Faraon, Emerito Jose A; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferrari, Allegra Allegra; Fetensa, Getahun; Fischer, Florian; Flavel, Joanne; Foroutan, Masoud; Gaal, Peter Andras [Gaál, Péter (Egészségügyi mene...), author] Egészségügyi Menedzserképző Központ (SU / DHS); Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Galehdar, Nasrin; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L; Garg, Tushar; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Damtew; Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu; Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw; Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete; Gessner, Bradford D; Getachew, Melaku; Getie, Asmare; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid; Ghosh, Rakesh; Ghozy, Sherief; Goleij, Pouya; Golitaleb, Mohamad; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goyomsa, Girma Garedew; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Gudisa, Zewdie; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Guta, Alemu; Habibzadeh, Parham; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hannan, Md Abdul; Harorani, Mehdi; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hassan, Abbas M; Hassani, Shokoufeh; Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hayat, Khezar; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Mohammad; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hong, Sung Hwi; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Househ, Mowafa; Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh; Huang, Junjie; Hussein, Nawfal R; Iavicoli, Ivo; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikuta, Kevin S; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iwagami, Masao; Jaafari, Jalil; Jamshidi, Elham; Jang, Sung-In; Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza; Javaheri, Tahereh; Javanmardi, Fatemeh; Javidnia, Javad; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayarajah, Umesh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jema, Alelign Tasew; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; K, Vaishali; Kabir, Zubair; Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalankesh, Laleh R; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray; Kandel, Himal; Kanko, Tesfaye K; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, André; Karkhah, Samad; Kassa, Bekalu Getnet; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Kaur, Harkiran; Kaur, Rimple Jeet; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Imteyaz A; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Yusra H; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khosravifar, Mina; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissoon, Niranjan; Knibbs, Luke D; Kochhar, Sonali; Kompani, Farzad; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kumar, G Anil; Kurmi, Om P; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lám, Judit [Lám, Judit (Egészségügyi mene...), author] Egészségügyi Menedzserképző Központ (SU / DHS); Landires, Iván; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Sang-woong; Levi, Miriam; Lewycka, Sonia; Liu, Gang; Liu, Wei; Lodha, Rakesh; Lorenzovici, László; Lotfi, Mojgan; Loureiro, Joana A; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Majidpoor, Jamal; Makki, Alaa; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Manla, Yosef; Matei, Clara N; Mathioudakis, Alexander G; Maude, Richard James; Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar; Melese, Addisu; Memish, Ziad A; Mendoza-Cano, Oliver; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Merid, Mehari Woldemariam; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina; Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mir, Shabir Ahmad; Mirfakhraie, Reza; Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq; Mirza, Agha Zeeshan; Mirza, Moonis; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Misganaw, Abay Sisay; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammed, Arif; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Syam; Mohseni, Mohammad; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moniruzzaman, Md; Montazeri, Fateme; Moore, Catrin E; Moradi, Abdolvahab; Morawska, Lidia; Mosser, Jonathan F; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Motaghinejad, Majid; Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh; Mousavi-Aghdas, Seyed Ali; Mubarik, Sumaira; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nair, Sanjeev; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najafi, Houshang; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Natto, Zuhair S; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino; Nouraei, Hasti; Nowroozi, Ali; Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Ochir, Chimedsuren; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Omar Bali, Ahmed; Omer, Emad; Oren, Eyal; Ota, Erika; Otstavnov, Nikita; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; P A, Mahesh; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakshir, Keyvan; Pakzad, Reza; Palicz, Tamás [Palicz, Tamás Gyula (egészségügyi mene...), author] Egészségügyi Menedzserképző Központ (SU / DHS); Pandey, Anamika; Pant, Suman; Pardhan, Shahina; Park, Eun-Cheol; Park, Eun-Kee; Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh; Paudel, Rajan; Pawar, Shrikant; Peng, Minjin; Pereira, Gavin; Perna, Simone; Perumalsamy, Navaraj; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Pigott, David M; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Podder, Vivek; Polibin, Roman V; Postma, Maarten J; Pourasghari, Hamid; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Raad, Mathieu; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Raeghi, Saber; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Mehran; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Azizur; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmanian, Vahid; Ram, Pradhum; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rana, Juwel; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rani, Usha; Rao, Sowmya J; Rashedi, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rasul, Azad; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Reitsma, Marissa B; Renzaho, Andre M N; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Riad, Abanoub; Rikhtegar, Reza; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Rogowski, Emma L B; Ronfani, Luca; Rudd, Kristina E; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Umar; Safary, Azam; Safi, Sher Zaman; Sahebazzamani, Maryam; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sakhamuri, Sateesh; Salehi, Sana; Salman, Muhammad; Samadi Kafil, Hossein; Samy, Abdallah M; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi; Sarkhosh, Maryam; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Saya, Ganesh Kumar; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Seylani, Allen; Shaheen, Amira A; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaker, Elaheh; Shamshad, Hina; Sharew, Mequannent Melaku; Sharhani, Asaad; Sharifi, Azam; Sharma, Purva; Sheidaei, Ali; Shenoy, Suchitra M; Shetty, Jeevan K; Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin; Shivakumar, K M; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shobeiri, Parnian; Simegn, Wudneh; Simpson, Colin R; Singh, Harpreet; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Paramdeep; Siwal, Samarjeet Singh; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; Song, Suhang; Song, Yimeng; Sood, Prashant; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Suleman, Muhammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tahamtan, Alireza; Taheri, Majid; Taheri Soodejani, Moslem; Taki, Elahe; Talaat, Iman M; Tampa, Mircea; Tandukar, Sarmila; Tat, Nathan Y; Tat, Vivian Y; Tefera, Yibekal Manaye; Temesgen, Gebremaryam; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesfaye, Azene; Tesfaye, Degefa Gomora; Tessema, Belay; Thapar, Rekha; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiyuri, Amir; Tleyjeh, Imad I; Togtmol, Munkhsaikhan; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tufa, Derara Girma; Ullah, Irfan; Upadhyay, Era; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Valdez, Pascual R; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Vardavas, Constantine; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vo, Bay; Vu, Linh Gia; Wagaye, Birhanu; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Yu; Waris, Abdul; West, T Eoin; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yaghoubi, Sajad; Yahya, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; Zandifar, Alireza; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zar, Heather J; Zare, Iman; Zareshahrabadi, Zahra; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeng, Wu; Zhang, Mengxi; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zumla, Alimuddin; Lim, Stephen S; Vos, Theo; Naghavi, Mohsen; Brauer, Michael; Hay, Simon I; Murray, Christopher J L**