Although titanium has been traditionally used as the gold standard for dental implants,
recent years have seen the widespread application of zirconia implants given their
superiority with regards to reduced bacterial adhesion, inflammation and cellular-interaction
in terms of bio-compatibility. The JAK–STAT signaling pathway plays an important role
in bone remodeling and formation. The aim of the study was to investigate the activation
of the JAK–STAT pathway through different cytokines in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63)
on zirconia in comparison to titanium discs. IFN-γ induced the very strong activation
of STAT1 protein, IFN-α activated both STAT1 and STAT3 molecules, IL-6 activated STAT3
and IL-4 induced the activation of STAT6 on both surfaces. The activation of STAT
proteins was confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using
phospho-specific anti-STAT antibodies, which recognize only phosphorylated STAT proteins.
The incubation of MG-63 cells with IFN-γ caused the upregulation of MHC class I and
class II proteins when MG-63 cells were grown on zirconia and titanium discs. In sum,
the present study shows that the JAK–STAT pathway is activated in MG-63 cells when
they are incubated on titanium or zirconia surfaces.
