Twin and family epigenetic studies of type 2 diabetes

This chapter provides an overview of recent epigenetic finding in type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on twin and family studies. Following a brief description of the disease and its importance, the chapter outlines evidence for links between T2D and epigenetics in both families and unrelated subjects, focusing on DNA methylation modifications. A discussion of the value of twin studies in the context of T2D and epigenetics is provided. Finally, the chapter reviews specific studies carried out to date exploring DNA methylation differences in twins discordant for T2D. The findings have potential to lead to enhanced prediction and a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of T2D. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.