Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease caused by intolerance of genetically
susceptible individuals after intake of gluten-containing grains (including wheat,
barley, etc.) and their products. Currently, CD, with "iceberg" characteristics, affects
a large population and is distributed over a wide range of individuals. This present
review summarizes the latest research progress on the relationship between CD and
gluten. Furthermore, the structure and function of gluten peptides related to CD,
gluten detection methods, the effects of processing on gluten and gluten-free diets
are emphatically reviewed. In addition, the current limitations in CD research are
also discussed. The present work facilitates a comprehensive understanding of CD as
well as gluten, which can provide a theoretical reference for future research.
