Distinct types of immune responses are activated by infections, which cause the development
of type I, II, or III inflammation, regulated by Th1, Th2, Th17 helper T cells and
ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 cells, respectively. While the classification of immune responses
to different groups of pathogens is widely accepted, subtypes of the immune response
elicited by sterile inflammation have not yet been detailed. Necroinflammation is
associated with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from dying
cells. In this review, we present that the distinct molecular mechanisms activated
during apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis lead to the release of
different patterns of DAMPs and their suppressors, SAMPs. We summarize the currently
available data on how regulated cell death pathways and released DAMPs and SAMPs direct
the differentiation of T helper and ILC cells. Understanding the subtypes of necroinflammation
can be crucial in developing strategies for the treatment of sterile inflammatory
diseases caused by cell death processes.
