https://m2.mtmt.hu/ eng 2026-09-20 19:46 JournalArticle 32210761 VALIDATED true Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Public Health, Government Office of the Capital City Budapest, Budapest, Hungary European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (ECOHOST), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom MTA-DE-Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Cited By :4 Export Date: 8 June 2022 Correspondence Address: Ádány, R.; MTA-DE-Public Health Research Group, Hungary; email: adany.roza@med.unideb.hu 0 false 2026-08-04T08:38:19.474+0000 2022-10-12T15:10:49.179+0000 2021-09-17T08:33:51.228+0000 true 10028858 Nagy Timea /api/admin/10028858 Admin Timea Nagy (ELTE TÁTK admin 5) true 10028858 2026-08-04T08:36:52.746+0000 2022-10-12T15:10:45.158+0000 true 10067876 Ladányi Gusztáv /api/admin/10067876 Admin Gusztáv Ladányi (MTMT API user, admin) true true false true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Journal Article 1 true 24 JournalArticle true 1134514 Survey paper true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType Journal Article 1 true 24 JournalArticle /api/subtype/1134514 Összefoglaló cikk SubType Survey paper (Journal Article) 102 true 1134514 true 1 /api/category/1 Category Scientific true 1 Oroszi, Beatrix true true /api/journal/10071827 REVIEWED BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH 2059-7908 2059-7908 true false 10071827 false 10071827 true 2059-7908 2059-7908 Journal FOREIGN 6 9 e006427 e006427 9 2021 Introduction We describe COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, case fatality and excess death in a country-wide study of municipalities in Hungary, exploring the association with socioeconomic status. Methods The spatial distribution of morbidity, mortality and case fatality was mapped using hierarchical Bayesian smoothed indirectly standardised ratios. Indirectly standardised ratios were used to evaluate the association between deprivation and the outcome measures. We looked separately at morbidity and mortality in the 10 districts with the highest and 10 districts with the lowest share of Roma population. Results Compared with the national average, the relative incidence of cases was 30%-36% lower in the most deprived quintile but the relative mortality and case fatality were 27%-32% higher. Expressed as incidence ratios relative to the national average, the most deprived municipalities had a relative incidence ratio of 0.64 (CI: 0.62 to 0.65) and 0.70 (CI: 0.69 to 0.72) for males and females, respectively. The corresponding figures for mortality were 1.32 (CI: 1.20 to 1.44) for males and 1.27 (CI: 1.16 to 1.39) for females and for case fatality 1.27 (CI: 1.16 to 1.39) and 1.32 (CI: 1.20 to 1.44) for males and females, respectively. The excess death rate (per 100 000) increased with deprivation levels (least deprived: 114.12 (CI: 108.60 to 119.84) and most deprived: 158.07 (CI: 149.30 to 167.23)). The 10 districts where Roma formed the greatest share of the population had an excess mortality rate 17.46% higher than the average for the most deprived quintile. Conclusions Those living in more deprived municipalities had a lower risk of being identified as a confirmed COVID-19 case but had a higher risk of death. An inverse association between trends in morbidity and mortality by socioeconomic conditions should be a cause for concern and points to the need for responses, including those involving vaccination, to pay particular attention to inequalities and their causes. Funding 2008000 /api/funding/2008000 (TK2016-78) false true Funding 2008001 /api/funding/2008001 (135784) Funder: NRDIO false true true true 2021 true true true false true false GOLD 2026-08-04 true https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427 30 0 30 22 17 28 30 29 29 30 30 22 22 22 8 0 30 22 30 22 0 16 16 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 30 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 Könyv Book 23 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 Folyóiratcikk Journal Article 24 0 0 0 Könyvrészlet Chapter in Book 25 0 0 0 Könyv Book 23 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciaközlemény Conference paper 31 0 0 0 Egyéb konferenciakötet Conference proceedings 32 0 0 0 Oltalmi formák Protection forms 26 0 0 0 Disszertáció Thesis 28 0 0 0 Egyéb Miscellaneous 29 0 0 0 Alkotás Achievement 22 0 0 0 Kutatási adat Research data 33 0 0 0 2022 0 9 6 9 6 2023 0 7 7 7 7 2024 0 6 3 6 3 2025 0 8 6 8 6 D1 false 10075480,1131057,10077647,10077646 false false false 2021-09-28T06:45:52.549+0000 Epidemiológiai és Surveillance Központ (SE / KSZE); MTA-DE Népegészségügyi Kutatócsoport (DE / ÁOK / NegJtI); Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet (DE / ÁOK); Népegészségtani Intézet (SE / AOK / I) 5 22 4 6 0 true Language 10002 /api/language/10002 English Angol English true 2 true PersonAuthorship 97507385 /api/authorship/97507385 Oroszi, Beatrix [Oroszi, Beatrix (népegészségügy, o...), author] Center of Epidemiology and Survaillance (SU / KSZE) 1 0.167 true false false Author 10075480 /api/author/10075480 Beatrix Oroszi (népegészségügy, orvosi epidemiológia) Oroszi Beatrix true true Oroszi Beatrix true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 97507386 /api/authorship/97507386 Juhász, Attila [Juhász, Attila (egészségegyenlőtl...), author] 2 0.16666667 false false false Author 10077646 /api/author/10077646 Attila Juhász (egészségegyenlőtlenség, térepidemiológia) Juhász Attila true true Juhász Attila true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 97507387 /api/authorship/97507387 Nagy, Csilla [Nagy, Csilla (térepidemiológia), author] 3 0.16666667 false false false Author 10077647 /api/author/10077647 Csilla Nagy (térepidemiológia) Nagy Csilla true true Nagy Csilla true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 97507388 /api/authorship/97507388 Horváth, Judit Krisztina [Horváth, Judit Krisztina (népegészségügy), author] Center of Epidemiology and Survaillance (SU / KSZE) 4 0.167 false false false Author 10075496 /api/author/10075496 Judit Krisztina Horváth (népegészségügy) Horváth Judit Krisztina true true Horváth Judit Krisztina true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 97507389 /api/authorship/97507389 McKee, Martin 5 0.16666667 false false false McKee Martin true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PersonAuthorship 97507390 /api/authorship/97507390 Ádány, Róza ✉ [Ádány, Róza (Népegészségügy, g...), author] MTA-DE Public Health Research Group (UD / NegJtI); Department of Public Health (SU / FM / I); Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet (UD) 6 0.167 false true true Author 1131057 /api/author/1131057 Róza Ádány (Népegészségügy, genetikai epidemiológia) Ádány Róza true 1131057 true Ádány Róza true false false AuthorshipType 1 /api/authorshiptype/1 Author 0 true 0 true false true PublicationIdentifier 19311242 /api/publicationidentifier/19311242 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427 PlainSource 6 /api/publicationsource/6 DOI PublicationSourceType 10001 /api/publicationsourcetype/10001 DOI true true true DOI DOI https://doi.org/@@@ true true 6 true GOLD true IDENTICAL 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427 false true PublicationIdentifier 19423603 /api/publicationidentifier/19423603 WoS: 000697845300004 PlainSource 1 /api/publicationsource/1 WoS PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true WoS WoS https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/@@@ true true 1 true IDENTICAL 000697845300004 https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000697845300004 true true PublicationIdentifier 21618164 /api/publicationidentifier/21618164 DEA: 325698 PlainSource 38 /api/publicationsource/38 DEA PublicationSourceType 10007 /api/publicationsourcetype/10007 Repozitórium true true true DEA http://hdl.handle.net/2437/@@@ true true 38 true IDENTICAL 325698 http://hdl.handle.net/2437/325698 false true PublicationIdentifier 19396497 /api/publicationidentifier/19396497 Scopus: 85115198146 PlainSource 3 /api/publicationsource/3 Scopus PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true Scopus Scopus http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-@@@ true true 3 true IDENTICAL 85115198146 http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85115198146 true true PublicationIdentifier 19423607 /api/publicationidentifier/19423607 PubMed: 34518205 PlainSource 17 /api/publicationsource/17 PubMed PublicationSourceType 10003 /api/publicationsourcetype/10003 Indexelő adatbázis false true true PubMed PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=@@@&dopt=Abstract true true 17 true IDENTICAL 34518205 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=34518205&dopt=Abstract true true Classification 12124 /api/classification/12124 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES true true Keyword 14192 /api/keyword/14192 public health true 14192 true Keyword 1015990 /api/keyword/1015990 Geographic Information Systems true 1015990 true Keyword 1555001 /api/keyword/1555001 epidemiology true true Keyword 2006271 /api/keyword/2006271 COVID-19 true true SjrRating 11229597 /api/sjrrating/11229597 sjr:D1 (2021) Scopus - Health Policy BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH 2059-7908 6 0.1 journal RatingType 10002 /api/ratingtype/10002 sjr sjr true true ClassificationExternal 2719 /api/classificationexternal/2719 Scopus - Health Policy true 2719 true D1 DIRECT true true Reference 23185841 /api/reference/23185841 1. 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(2021) BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH 2059-7908 2059-7908 6 9<div class="JournalArticle Publication long-list"> <div class="authors"> <img title="Forrásközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png"> <img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png"> <div class="autype autype0"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10075480"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10075480" target="_blank">Oroszi Beatrix (<span class="authorship-author-name">Oroszi Beatrix</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> népegészségügy, orvosi epidemiológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/<span title="Központi Szervezeti Egységek (beleértve az Egyéb Szervezeti Egységeket)">KSZE</span>/Center of Epidemiology and Survaillance</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10077646"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10077646" target="_blank">Juhász Attila (<span class="authorship-author-name">Juhász Attila</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> egészségegyenlőtlenség, térepidemiológia</span>) </a> </span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10077647"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10077647" target="_blank">Nagy Csilla (<span class="authorship-author-name">Nagy Csilla</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> térepidemiológia</span>) </a> </span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10075496"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10075496" target="_blank">Horváth Judit Krisztina (<span class="authorship-author-name">Horváth Judit Krisztina</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> népegészségügy</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/<span title="Központi Szervezeti Egységek (beleértve az Egyéb Szervezeti Egységeket)">KSZE</span>/Center of Epidemiology and Survaillance</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" >McKee Martin </span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="1131057"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=1131057" target="_blank">Ádány Róza ✉ (<span class="authorship-author-name">Ádány Róza</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Népegészségügy, genetikai epidemiológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/<span title="Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet">NegJtI</span>/MTA-DE Public Health Research Group; <span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">FM</span>/<span title="Instituties">I</span>/Department of Public Health; <span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet</span> </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse&params=publication;32210761" target="_blank">Unequal burden of COVID-19 in Hungary: a geographical and socioeconomic analysis of the second wave of the pandemic</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH</span> <span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2059-7908">2059-7908</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2059-7908">2059-7908</a>)</span>: <span class="journal-volume">6</span> <span class="journal-issue">9</span> <span class="page"> Paper e006427. 9 p. </span> <span class="year">(2021)</span> </div> <div class="pub-footer"> <span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Language: English | </span> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006427"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="000697845300004" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000697845300004"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="325698" target="_blank" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2437/325698"> DEA </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85115198146" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85115198146"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="34518205" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=34518205&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> </span> </span> <OnlyViewableByAuthor><div class="ratings"> <div class="journal-subject">Journal subject: Scopus - Health Policy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rank:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Journal subject: Scopus - Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rank:&nbsp;D1</div> </div></OnlyViewableByAuthor> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="" class="citingPub-count">Citing papers: 30</span> | Independent citation: 22 | Self citation: 8 | Unknown citation: 0 | Number of citations in WoS: 29 | Number of citations in Scopus:&nbsp;29 | WoS/Scopus assigned:&nbsp;30 | Number of citations with DOI:&nbsp;30 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;32210761&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Number of cited publications: 16 </a> </div> <div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Publication: 32210761</span> | <span class="status-data status-VALIDATED"> Validated </span> Core Citing | <span class="type-subtype">Journal Article ( Survey paper ) </span> | <span class="pub-category">Scientific</span> | <span class="publication-sourceOfData">kézi felvitel</span> </div> <div class="funder"> (TK2016-78), (135784) Funder: NRDIO </div> <div class="lastModified">Last Modified: 2022.10.12. 17:10 Gusztáv Ladányi (MTMT API user, admin) </div> <pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><u>Comments</u>: Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Public Health, Government Office of the Capital City Budapest, Budapest, Hungary European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (ECOHOST), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom MTA-DE-Public He...</pre> </div></div>