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Funding text: This work was supported by Semmelweis University Intramural Program to V.K.V., National Research, Development and Innovation Office K_119742 to N.H., Hungarian Brain Research Program 2017-1.2.1-NKP2017-00002 to N.H., and from Semmelweis University (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009) awarded to M.K. We thank Erzsebet Gregori for excellent technical assistance; and Laszlo Barna (Nikon Microscopy Center at the Institute of Experimental Medicine, Nikon Austria, and Auro-Science Consulting) for kindly providing microscopy support.0false2026-04-13T09:43:43.206+00002026-01-27T08:49:52.254+00002021-06-02T08:47:38.391+0000true10024264VereczkiViktória
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REVIEWEDtruefalse2707false2707true0270-64741529-2401JournalFOREIGN4121457545954575212021GABAergic neurons are key circuit elements in cortical networks. Despite growing evidence showing that inhibitory cells play a critical role in the lateral (LA) and basal (BA) amygdala functions, neither the number of GABAergic neurons nor the ratio of their distinct types has been determined in these amygdalar nuclei. Using unbiased stereology, we found that the ratio of GABAergic neurons in the BA (22%) is significantly higher than in the LA (16%) in both male and female mice. No difference was observed between the right and left hemispheres in either sex. In addition, we assessed the ratio of the major inhibitory cell types in both amygdalar nuclei. Using transgenic mice and a viral strategy for visualizing inhibitory cells combined with immunocytochemistry, we estimated that the following cell types together compose the vast majority of GABAergic cells in the LA and BA: axo-axonic cells (5.5%-6%), basket cells expressing parvalbumin (17%-20%) or cholecystokinin (7%-9%), dendrite-targeting inhibitory cells expressing somatostatin (10%-16%), NPY-containing neurogliaform cells (14%-15%), VIP and/or calretinin-expressing interneuron-selective interneurons (29%-38%), and GABAergic projection neurons expressing somatostatin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (5.5%-8%). Our results show that these amygdalar nuclei contain all major GABAergic neuron types as found in other cortical regions. Furthermore, our data offer an essential reference for future studies aiming to reveal changes in GABAergic cell number and in inhibitory cell types typically observed under different pathologic conditions, and to model functioning amygdalar networks in health and disease.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</jats:bold>GABAergic cells in cortical structures, as in the lateral and basal nucleus of the amygdala, have a determinant role in controlling circuit operation. In this study, we provide the first estimate for the total number of inhibitory cells in these two amygdalar nuclei. In addition, our study is the first to define the ratio of the major GABAergic cell types present in these cortical networks. Taking into account that hyperexcitability in the amygdala, arising from the imbalance between excitation and inhibition typifies many altered brain functions, including anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and autism, uncovering the number and ratio of distinct amygdalar inhibitory cell types offers a solid base for comparing the changes in inhibition in pathologic brain states.Funding1997527
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<div class="JournalArticle Publication short-list"> <div class="authors"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10024264"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10024264" target="_blank">Vereczki, Viktória</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10067999"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10067999" target="_blank">Muller, Kinga<sup>*</sup></a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" > Krizsán, Éva </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="198"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=198" target="_blank">Mate, Zoltan</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10076935"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10076935" target="_blank">Fekete, Zsuzsanna</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10059427"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10059427" target="_blank">Rovira-Esteban, Laura</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10018814"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10018814" target="_blank">Veres, Judit</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="129"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=129" target="_blank">Erdélyi, Ferenc</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10010484"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10010484" target="_blank">Hájos, Norbert ✉</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> </div ><div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse¶ms=publication;32050884" mtid="32050884" target="_blank">Total number and ratio of GABAergic neuron types in the mouse lateral and basal amygdala</a></div> <div class="pub-info"> <span class="journal-title">JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE</span> <span class="journal-volume">41</span> : <span class="journal-issue">21</span> <span class="page"> pp. 4575-4595. , 21 p. </span> <span class="year">(2021)</span> </div> <div class="pub-end"><div class="identifier-list"> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2700-20.2021" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2700-20.2021"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="000655358400003" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000655358400003"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_GREEN" title=" Green "> <a style="color:blue" title="140280" target="_blank" href="http://real.mtak.hu/140280"> REAL </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85107091055" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85107091055"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="33837051" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=33837051&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="short-pub-prop-list"> <span class="short-pub-mtid"> Publication:32050884 </span> <span class="status-holder"><span class="status-data status-ADMIN_APPROVED"> Admin approved </span></span> <span class="pub-core">Core Citing </span> <span class="pub-type">Journal Article (Article ) </span> <!-- && !record.category.scientific --> <span class="pub-category">Scientific</span> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="" class="citingPub-count">Citing papers: 34</span> | Independent citation: 30 | Self citation: 4 | Unknown citation: 0 | Number of citations in WoS: 33 | Number of citations in Scopus: 32 | WoS/Scopus assigned: 34 | Number of citations with DOI: 34 </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="JournalArticle Publication long-list">
<div class="authors">
<img title="Forrásközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png">
<img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png">
<div class="autype autype0"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10024264"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10024264" target="_blank">Vereczki Viktória
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Vereczki Viktória</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Neurobiológia</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">FM</span>/<span title="Instituties">I</span>/Anatómiai, Szövet- és Fejlődéstani Intézet; <span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="10067999"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10067999" target="_blank">Muller Kinga<sup>*</sup>
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Müller Kinga</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Neurobiológia</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport; <span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/School of PhD Studies</span>
;
<span class="author-name" >Krizsán Éva
</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="198"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=198" target="_blank">Mate Zoltan
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Máté Zoltán</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Molekuláris biológia, genetika</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil">Institute of Experimental Medicine</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="10076935"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10076935" target="_blank">Fekete Zsuzsanna
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Fekete Zsuzsanna</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Elektrofiziológia</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport; <span title="Semmelweis University">SU</span>/School of PhD Studies</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="10059427"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10059427" target="_blank">Rovira-Esteban Laura
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Rovira Esteban Laura</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Neurobiology</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="10018814"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10018814" target="_blank">Veres Judit
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Veres Judit</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Idegélettan</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="129"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=129" target="_blank">Erdélyi Ferenc
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Erdélyi Ferenc</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Molekuláris biológia, genetika</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil">Institute of Experimental Medicine</span>
;
<span class="author-name" mtid="10010484"><a
href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10010484" target="_blank">Hájos Norbert ✉
(<span class="authorship-author-name">Hájos Norbert</span>
<span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Neurobiológia</span>)
</a>
</span>
<span class="author-affil"><span title="Institute of Experimental Medicine">IEM</span>/<span title="Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology">DCNN</span>/Lendület Hálózat-Idegélettani Kutatócsoport</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse¶ms=publication;32050884" target="_blank">Total number and ratio of GABAergic neuron types in the mouse lateral and basal amygdala</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE</span>
<span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/0270-6474">0270-6474</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1529-2401">1529-2401</a>)</span>:
<span class="journal-volume">41</span> <span class="journal-issue">21</span>
<span class="page">
pp 4575-4595
</span> <span class="year">(2021)</span>
</div>
<div class="pub-footer">
<span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Language:
English
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<span class="identifiers">
<span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold
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<a style="color:blue" title="10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2700-20.2021" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2700-20.2021">
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<div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;">
<span title="" class="citingPub-count">Citing papers: 34</span>
| Independent citation: 30
| Self citation: 4
| Unknown citation: 0
| Number of citations in WoS: 33
| Number of citations in Scopus: 32
| WoS/Scopus assigned: 34
| Number of citations with DOI: 34
</div>
<div class="publication-citation">
<a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;32050884&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title">
Number of cited publications: 22
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<div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Publication: 32050884</span>
| <span class="status-data status-ADMIN_APPROVED"> Admin approved
</span>
Core Citing
| <span class="type-subtype">Journal Article
( Article
)
</span>
| <span class="pub-category">Scientific</span>
| <span class="publication-sourceOfData">kézi felvitel</span>
</div>
<div class="funder"> National Research, Development and Innovation Office(K_119742), Hungarian National Brain Research Program(2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002), Az orvos-, egészségtudományi- és gyógyszerészképzés tudományos műhelyeinek fejlesztése(EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009) Funder: EFOP-VEKOP, Intramural Research Program </div>
<div class="lastModified">Last Modified: 2026.01.27. 09:49 Tamás Pirmann (OOI admin4)
</div>
<pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><u>Comments</u>: Funding Agency and Grant Number: Semmelweis University; National Research, Development and Innovation Office [K_119742]; Hungarian Brain Research Program [2017-1.2.1-NKP2017-00002]; Semmelweis University [EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009]
Funding text: This work was supported by Semmelweis University Intramural Program to V.K.V., National Research, Development and Innovation Office K_...</pre>
</div></div>