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REVIEWEDtruefalse10072002false10072002true1661-78271660-4601JournalFOREIGN18632063206122021It is a matter of speculation whether the high prevalence of smoking among Hungarian Roma (HR) is related to genetic, gene-environmental interactions or cultural factors. Our aim is to compare the genetic susceptibility and possible effects of determinants associated with smoking behaviours in the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma populations. A complex health survey including three pillars (questionnaire, physical and laboratory examinations) was carried out (NHG = 412 and NHR = 402). Risk allele frequencies of ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared, and their combined effect was estimated by computing unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRS, wGRS). The effects of genetic and environmental factors were investigated in regression analyses after confounders were introduced. Socio-economic status (SES) was calculated based on the Kuppuswamy scale 2019. Risk allele frequencies of only four SNPs were found to be different between populations (p < 0.01). Median values of GRS did not differ, while the wGRS median was slightly higher among Roma individuals (5.2 vs. 4.9; p = 0.02). Roma individuals were more likely to be heavy smokers (ORmales = 2.05, 95% CI [1.47–2.86]; ORfemales = 1.89, 95% CI [1.58–2.25]. Smokers have lower SES compared to never smokers (SES βHR = −0.039, p = 0.023; βHG = −0.010, p = 0.049). An inverse relationship was found between SES and smoking behaviours (p < 0.0001) and was found to be a better predictor of smoking behaviours than genetic susceptibility. Our study findings suggest that the high prevalence of smoking behaviours and nicotine-dependence were not revealed to have a genetic susceptibility among HR individuals; therefore, the highest efforts should be focused on targeting SES-related factors in the Roma population. Strengths of the study: This is the first study carried out to investigate and detect the most relevant factors and the possible genetic background of the extremely high prevalence of smoking based in the Roma population. Limitations of the study: No standard instrument has been used to assess the intensity of addiction to nicotine. Because of some participants’ unwillingness to define themselves as Roma, the overall HR population was not represented by the sample of this study.Funding2010195
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<div class="JournalArticle Publication short-list"> <div class="authors"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10086224"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10086224" target="_blank">Merzah, Mohammed</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10038661"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10038661" target="_blank">Kósa, Zsigmond</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10012757"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10012757" target="_blank">Sándor, János</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10086242"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10086242" target="_blank">Natae, Shewaye</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10061786"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10061786" target="_blank">Pikó, Péter</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="1131057"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=1131057" target="_blank">Ádány, Róza</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10019109"> <a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10019109" target="_blank">Fiatal, Szilvia ✉</a> </span> <span class="author-type"> </span> </div ><div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse¶ms=publication;31937654" mtid="31937654" target="_blank">Roma Socioeconomic Status Has a Higher Impact on Smoking Behaviour than Genetic Susceptibility</a></div> <div class="pub-info"> <span class="journal-title">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH</span> <span class="journal-volume">18</span> : <span class="journal-issue">6</span> <span class="page"> Paper: 3206 , 12 p. </span> <span class="year">(2021)</span> </div> <div class="pub-end"><div class="identifier-list"> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.3390/ijerph18063206" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063206"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="000639196000001" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000639196000001"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85102693631" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85102693631"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="33808833" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=33808833&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="short-pub-prop-list"> <span class="short-pub-mtid"> Publication:31937654 </span> <span class="status-holder"><span class="status-data status-VALIDATED"> Validated </span></span> <span class="pub-core">Core Citing </span> <span class="pub-type">Journal Article (Article ) </span> <!-- && !record.category.scientific --> <span class="pub-category">Scientific</span> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="" class="citingPub-count">Citing papers: 7</span> | Independent citation: 5 | Self citation: 2 | Unknown citation: 0 | Number of citations in WoS: 6 | Number of citations in Scopus: 6 | WoS/Scopus assigned: 6 | Number of citations with DOI: 6 </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="JournalArticle Publication long-list"> <div class="authors"> <img title="Forrásközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-core-icon.png"> <img title="Idézőközlemény" style="float: left" src="/frontend/resources/grid/publication-citation-icon.png"> <div class="autype autype0"> <span class="author-name" mtid="10086224"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10086224" target="_blank">Merzah Mohammed (<span class="authorship-author-name">Merzah Mohammed</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Genetic Epidemiology</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Orvostudományi Doktori Tanács">ODT</span>/Doctotal School of Health Sciences</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10038661"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10038661" target="_blank">Kósa Zsigmond (<span class="authorship-author-name">Kósa Zsigmond</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> egészségtudomány</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Health">FH</span>/<span title="Egészségtudományi Intézet">EgTudInt</span>/Védőnői Módszertani és Népegészségtani Tanszék</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10012757"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10012757" target="_blank">Sándor János (<span class="authorship-author-name">Sándor János</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Népegészségtan</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10086242"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10086242" target="_blank">Natae Shewaye (<span class="authorship-author-name">Natae Shewaye Fituma</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> PhD candidate at Doctoral School of Health Sci...</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Orvostudományi Doktori Tanács">ODT</span>/Doctotal School of Health Sciences</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10061786"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10061786" target="_blank">Pikó Péter (<span class="authorship-author-name">Pikó Péter</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Genetika</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/<span title="Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet">NegJtI</span>/MTA-DE Public Health Research Group</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="1131057"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=1131057" target="_blank">Ádány Róza (<span class="authorship-author-name">Ádány Róza</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Népegészségügy, genetikai epidemiológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/<span title="Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet">NegJtI</span>/MTA-DE Public Health Research Group; <span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet</span> ; <span class="author-name" mtid="10019109"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10019109" target="_blank">Fiatal Szilvia ✉ (<span class="authorship-author-name">Fiatal Szilvia</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> népegészségügy</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="University of Debrecen">UD</span>/<span title="Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</span>/Népegészség- és Járványtani Intézet</span> </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse¶ms=publication;31937654" target="_blank">Roma Socioeconomic Status Has a Higher Impact on Smoking Behaviour than Genetic Susceptibility</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH</span> <span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1661-7827">1661-7827</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1660-4601">1660-4601</a>)</span>: <span class="journal-volume">18</span> <span class="journal-issue">6</span> <span class="page"> Paper 3206. 12 p. </span> <span class="year">(2021)</span> </div> <div class="pub-footer"> <span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Language: English | </span> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.3390/ijerph18063206" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063206"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="000639196000001" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/000639196000001"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="85102693631" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-85102693631"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="33808833" target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=33808833&dopt=Abstract"> PubMed </a> </span> </span> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="" class="citingPub-count">Citing papers: 7</span> | Independent citation: 5 | Self citation: 2 | Unknown citation: 0 | Number of citations in WoS: 6 | Number of citations in Scopus: 6 | WoS/Scopus assigned: 6 | Number of citations with DOI: 6 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;31937654&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Number of cited publications: 13 </a> </div> <div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Publication: 31937654</span> | <span class="status-data status-VALIDATED"> Validated </span> Core Citing | <span class="type-subtype">Journal Article ( Article ) </span> | <span class="pub-category">Scientific</span> | <span class="publication-sourceOfData">kézi felvitel</span> </div> <div class="funder"> (MTA11010) Funder: MTA, (TK2016-78) </div> <div class="lastModified">Last Modified: 2023.09.02. 15:33 Róbert Milánkovics (PTE ÁOK admin 4) </div> </div></div>