European Union Seventh Framework Program(FP7/2007-2013)
Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is an efficacious treatment for ADHD but concerns
have been raised about potential adverse effects of extended treatment on growth.
Objectives: To systematically review the literature, up to December 2018, conducting
a meta-analysis of association of long-term (> six months) MPH exposure with height,
weight and timing of puberty. Results: Eighteen studies (ADHD n = 4868) were included
in the meta-analysis. MPH was associated with consistent statistically significant
pre-post difference for both height (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI 0.16-0.38, p < 0.0001) and
weight (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.44, p < 0.0001) Z scores, with prominent impact
on weight during the first 12 months and on height within the first 24-30 months.
No significant effects of dose, formulation, age and drug-naive condition as clinical
moderators were found. Data on timing of puberty are currently limited. Conclusions:
Long-term treatment with MPH can result in reduction in height and weight. However,
effect sizes are small with possible minimal clinical impact. Long-term prospective
studies may help to clarify the underlying biological drivers and specific mediators
and moderators.
