Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM) in women who carried twin pregnancies and received vaginal progesterone.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 203 out of 1686 women with twin pregnancies
received natural progesterone (200 mg/day between gestational weeks 16 + 0 and 36
+ 0) vaginally for >= 4 weeks. The control group consisted of 1483 women with twin
pregnancies without progesterone administration. Pearson's Chi squared test, Fisher's
exact test, and Student'st-test was used to compare differences between the control
and the progesterone-treated groups. A multivariate binary logistic regression was
performed to assess relative independent associations on the dependent outcome of
GDM incidence. Results: Vaginal progesterone treatment in twin pregnancies had no
significant influence on developing GDM (p= 0.662). Higher pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.1;p<
0.001), GDM in previous pregnancy (OR 6.0;p< 0.001), and smoking during pregnancy
(OR 1.6;p= 0.014) posed an increased risk for developing GDM. Conclusion: In twin
pregnancies, the use of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm
delivery was not associated with an increased risk of GDM.
