Vascular survey of the maxillary vestibule and gingiva—clinical impact on incision and flap design in periodontal and implant surgeries

Currently, empirical clinical findings on the blood supply of the maxillary vestibule are not backed up with sufficient literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mucosal and periosteal vascular supply in the maxillary vestibule macroscopically and radiographically to improve surgical strategies and flap designs.