Organization of behavior requires rapid coordination of brainstem and forebrain activity.
The exact mechanisms of effective communication between these regions are presently
unclear. The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (IL) probably serves as a central hub in
this circuit by connecting the critical brainstem and forebrain areas. We found that
GABAergic and glycinergic fibers ascending from the pontine reticular formation (PRF)
of the brainstem evoked fast and reliable inhibition in the IL via large, multisynaptic
terminals. This inhibition was fine-tuned through heterogeneous GABAergic and glycinergic
receptor ratios expressed at individual synapses. Optogenetic activation of PRF axons
in the IL of freely moving mice led to behavioral arrest and transient interruption
of awake cortical activity. An afferent system with comparable morphological features
was also found in the human IL. These data reveal an evolutionarily conserved ascending
system that gates forebrain activity through fast and powerful synaptic inhibition
of the IL.
