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"title" : "Comparing material investigations of slag, iron, and ore samples from excavations and smelting experiments", "subTitle" : "The role of phosphorus in the achaeometallurgy of iron in early medieval Hungarian bloomery workshops", "identifiers" : [ { "otype" : "PublicationIdentifier", "mtid" : 860456, "link" : "/api/publicationidentifier/860456", "label" : "Teljes dokumentum: http://mycite.omikk.bme.hu/doc/135631.jpg", "source" : { "otype" : "PlainSource", "mtid" : 39, "link" : "/api/publicationsource/39", "label" : "Teljes dokumentum", "type" : { "otype" : "PublicationSourceType", "mtid" : 10006, "link" : "/api/publicationsourcetype/10006", "label" : "Link", "mayHaveOa" : true, "published" : true, "snippet" : true }, "name" : "Teljes dokumentum", "linkPattern" : "@@@", "publiclyVisible" : true, "published" : true, "oldId" : 39, "snippet" : true }, "oaFree" : false, "validState" : "NO", "idValue" : "http://mycite.omikk.bme.hu/doc/135631.jpg", "realUrl" : "http://mycite.omikk.bme.hu/doc/135631.jpg", "published" : false, "oldId" : 870802, "snippet" : true }, { "otype" : "PublicationIdentifier", "mtid" : 860457, "link" : "/api/publicationidentifier/860457", "label" : "Handle: 10890/4707", "source" : { "otype" : "PlainSource", "mtid" : 152, "link" : "/api/publicationsource/152", "label" : "Handle", "type" : { "otype" : "PublicationSourceType", "mtid" : 10006, "link" : "/api/publicationsourcetype/10006", "label" : "Link", "mayHaveOa" : true, "published" : true, "snippet" : true }, "name" : "Handle", "linkPattern" : "http://hdl.handle.net/@@@", "publiclyVisible" : true, "published" : true, "oldId" : 152, "snippet" : true }, "oaFree" : false, "validState" : "NO", "idValue" : "10890/4707", "realUrl" : "http://hdl.handle.net/10890/4707", "published" : false, "oldId" : 1449346, "snippet" : true } ], "firstPageOrInternalIdForSort" : "", "publishedYear" : 2012, "abstractText" : "There are different types of the early medieval bloomery furnaces located in the Carpathian Basin. One of the built-in type furnaces is the so-called Fajsz-type. This kind of bloomery from the 10th century AD – named after Somogyfajsz, the most widely known site of this type (Gömöri 2006) – was the first one whose use was a characteristic feature of the Hungarian conquerors. The Fajsz-type furnace was approximately 70-100cm tall and it was built into the side wall of a workshop pit with its full height. \n\nIn our research we tried to answer some basic questions regarding the early medieval technology of iron metallurgy in Pannonia. What kind of iron ores were used in the bloomery? What was the available productivity of bloomeries and the quality of iron blooms like? What kind of technological parameters were suitable for a successful metallurgical technology?\n\nDuring the past three years an engineering team set out to discover this medieval technology in a collaborated study with archaeologists using experimental archaeology involving more than 30 reconstructed smelting experiments in the Fajsz-type furnace (Thiele 2011). In these experiments the main influencing parameters of the technology (i.e. temperature distribution in the furnace, air supply, gas composition, quality and quantity of iron ore and charcoal, etc.) were measured. The raw materials and samples of the obtained iron bloom and slag were examined by chemical (ICP), metallographic, energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) analysis. Chemical and metallographic investigations of iron ore and slag finds found in excavation sites of Fajsz-type bloomeries and workshops (Ágh 1999) and from other medieval sites in the Carpathian Basin (Török 2010) were carried out as well.\n\nThe experiences of experimental smeltings have been compared with the archaeometallurgical remains of Pannonia. These comparisons provide guidance to further understanding the subject. By these results the physicochemical and metallurgical parameters of the technology will be more approachable. Contemporaneously the reconstructional experiments serve as feedback concluding the technical characteristics of Hungarian ironmetallurgy of the 10th century as well as the materials testing of the finds.", "keywords" : [ { "otype" : "Keyword", "mtid" : 1214179, "link" : "/api/keyword/1214179", "label" : "doktori iskola: Pattantyús Ábrahám Gépészeti Tudományok", "published" : true, "oldId" : 1214179, "snippet" : true } ], "digital" : null, "printed" : null, "sourceYear" : 2012, "packet" : "bme-pa-migracio-20014-06-20-v01", "foreignEdition" : null, "foreignLanguage" : true, "fullPublication" : false, "conferencePublication" : false, "nationalOrigin" : true, "missingAuthor" : false, "oaType" : "NONE", "oaCheckDate" : "2024-01-23", "oaFree" : false, "citationCount" : 0, "citationCountUnpublished" : 0, "citationCountWoOther" : 0, "independentCitCountWoOther" : 0, "nationalOriginCitationCount" : 0, "foreignEditionCitationCount" : 0, "doiCitationCount" : 0, "wosCitationCount" : 0, "scopusCitationCount" : 0, "wosScopusCitationCount" : 0, "wosScopusCitationCountWoOther" : 0, "wosScopusIndependentCitationCount" : 0, "wosScopusIndependentCitationCountWoOther" : 0, "independentCitationCount" : 0, "selfCitationCount" : 0, "unhandledCitationCount" : 0, "citingPubCount" : 0, "independentCitingPubCount" : 0, "citingPubCountWoOther" : 0, "independentCitingPubCountWoOther" : 0, "unhandledCitingPubCount" : 0, "citedPubCount" : 0, "citedCount" : 0, "hasCitationDuplums" : false, "userChangeableUntil" : "2014-04-02T11:41:38.000+0000", "publishDate" : "2014-06-23T17:04:30.000+0000", "directInstitutesForSort" : "Anyagtudomány és Technológia Tanszék (BME / GPK); Metallurgiai Intézet (ME / AVK)", "ownerAuthorCount" : 2, "ownerInstituteCount" : 11, "directInstituteCount" : 2, "authorCount" : 2, "contributorCount" : 0, "description0" : "39th International Symposium on Archaeometry: “50 years of ISA” Location: Leuven, Belgium 28 May – 1 June 2012", "hasQualityFactor" : false, "link" : "/api/publication/2686324", "label" : "Thiele Ádám et al. Comparing material investigations of slag, iron, and ore samples from excavations and smelting experiments: The role of phosphorus in the achaeometallurgy of iron in early medieval Hungarian bloomery workshops. (2012)", "template" : "