The paper presents a new calibration algorithm for current-output R-2R ladders. The
widely used R-2R ladders are easy to realize as an integrated circuit, but the resistance
tolerances limit their linearity properties. However, it is possible to achieve higher
linearity with self-calibration techniques, A calibration algorithm can be applied
to the current-output ladders, which are widely used as multiplying or fixed-reference
DACs, The paper presents a new description of the current-output ladder as a basis
of the calibration algorithm. The calibration algorithm, which uses the classical
Gauss method for measuring the calibration coefficients, is discussed in detail, and
the error budget is analyzed. Simulations were also made to verify the theory, (C)
2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
